Assessing the accuracy and efficiency of different order implicit and explicit integration schemes

A first order accurate fully implicit integration scheme and four different explicit substepping schemes with automatic error control are used in this paper to integrate the constitutive relations of a critical state model for saturated soils. Their respective computational performance terms accuracy efficiency is assessed provide practical guidance deciding which five most suitable solving numerical problems geotechnical engineering involving models. Even though existing literature applied has traditionally been focussed on backward Euler second modified almost exclusively, findings suggest that little extra work required implementation an third Runge-Kutta worth effort, especially cost.